According to mythological stories, Raja Rituparna, a king of the Surya dynasty, who ruled Ayodhya during the Treta Yuga, was the first person to search for the Patal Bhuvaneshwar cave. It is said that he was the first human to discover the temple. Here, he encountered King Adishesha of the Nagas, who led Rituparna inside the cave. It is said that Rituparna had a direct audience with Lord Shiva and all the other deities inside the cave. The Skanda Purana also mentions that Lord Shiva himself resides in Patal Bhuvaneshwar, and other deities come here to worship him. However, since Rituparna's discovery, this place has rarely been discussed. It is said that during the Dvapara Yuga, the Pandavas rediscovered this cave. The Pandavas used to worship Lord Shiva in this cave. According to mythological tales, in the Kali Yuga, Jagadguru Adi Shankaracharya discovered this cave in the 8th century and established a Shiva Linga made of copper.

It is believed that all 33 crore deities reside in Patal Bhuvaneshwar along with Lord Shiva. It is believed that the secret of the world's end is hidden in the womb of this cave. The size of the established Shiva Linga here is continually increasing, and the day it touches the cave's roof, the world will come to an end. According to legends, Patal Bhuvaneshwar cave temple has four doors. When Ravana died, Paap-dwar (Door of Sins) closed. After the Mahabharata war, the Rana-dwar (War door) also closed. Now, only two doors remain. Visiting this temple is considered equivalent to the Char Dham Yatra of Uttarakhand.

The primary deity worshipped in the Patal Bhuvaneshwar cave temple is Lord Shiva. Upon reaching the temple, you first encounter an iron gate, which marks the beginning of the temple. This cave is 90 feet below the ground, and to enter the temple, you have to navigate through extremely narrow paths. The entrance to the cave is 160 meters long. Inside the cave, you can see various sculptures on the rocks in a narrow passage, depicting elephants and the kings of the Nagas. In the temple, you will find four pillars representing different ages: Satyuga, Tretayuga, Dvaparayuga, and Kaliyuga. It is said that the pillar representing Kaliyuga is taller than the others. Large stone formations are spread throughout the cave.

Devotees offer pure water, milk, bel leaves, and flowers to Lord Shiva in the Patal Bhuvaneshwar cave temple.